Antibiotics fight bacteria, not viruses. That matters because people often ask for antibiotics for colds or the flu — those are viral, so antibiotics won’t help and can cause harm. Use this page to learn which infections need antibiotics, how to take them right, and simple steps to protect your health and future treatment options.
Antibiotics kill bacteria or stop them from growing. Common classes include penicillins (like amoxicillin), cephalosporins (cephalexin), macrolides (azithromycin), fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin), and tetracyclines (doxycycline). Your doctor picks one based on the infection and local resistance patterns. For example, a simple strep throat often needs penicillin, while skin infections might need a different choice.
Not every sore throat, cough, or runny nose needs an antibiotic. Tests like throat swabs, urine cultures, or blood tests can confirm if bacteria are the cause. When possible, doctors may wait for test results or try symptomatic treatment first.
Take the full course exactly as prescribed, even if you feel better after a day or two. Stopping early can let some bacteria survive and come back stronger. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for the next dose — then skip the missed one. Never double up doses.
Watch for side effects: common ones are stomach upset, diarrhea, and yeast infections. Serious allergic reactions are rare but need immediate medical attention — rash, swelling, difficulty breathing. If you have a penicillin allergy listed, tell your provider; many people can tolerate alternatives, but avoid guessing.
Mixing antibiotics with certain foods or other drugs can cause problems. For example, dairy reduces absorption of tetracyclines, and grapefruit juice can interact with some meds. Always ask your pharmacist about interactions and whether to take pills with food.
Store antibiotics in a cool, dry place unless the label says otherwise. Some liquid forms need refrigeration. Don’t keep old antibiotics for future use — drug strength and safety change over time.
Preventing resistance protects you and others. Don’t pressure your doctor for antibiotics, don’t share prescriptions, and don’t use leftover pills. Vaccines, handwashing, and basic wound care cut down on infections and reduce the need for antibiotics.
If symptoms worsen, you develop a high fever, or symptoms return after finishing treatment, call your doctor. For severe reactions or breathing trouble, seek emergency care. When in doubt, ask for a clear plan: what signs to watch for, when to call, and whether tests will be done.
Use antibiotics when they clearly help, follow instructions, and be mindful of resistance. Small choices—finishing the course, not using leftovers, and checking interactions—keep antibiotics effective for you and your community.
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